Benefits of Canadas Plastic Currency

Advantages of Canadas Plastic Currency Canada is exchanging its paper cash for plastic. Actually no, not Mastercards, genuine plastic cash. At some point late in 2011, the Bank of Canada supplanted the countries customary cotton-and-paper monetary orders with money produced using a manufactured polymer. Canada buys its plastic cash from an organization in Australia, one of almost two dozen nations where a plastic money is now available for use. New Imagery for New Currency The primary polymer-made money discharged was the $100 greenback, discharged in 2011 and decorated by the eighth Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden.The new $50 and $20 notes followed in 2012, the last highlighting Queen Elizabeth II. The $10 and $5 greenbacks were discharged in 2013. Past the nonentity, the bills include various fascinating plan components. These incorporate a space explorer, the exploration icebreaker transport CCGS Amundsen, and the word Arctic illuminated in Inuktitut, an indigenous language. Logical examination and advancement are particularly all around spoke to on the $100 greenback, with portrayals of an analyst sitting at a magnifying instrument, a vial of insulin, a DNA strand, and an electrocardiogram printout, honoring the creation of the pacemaker. Functional Benefits of Plastic Currency Plastic cash keeps going somewhere in the range of two to multiple times longer than paper cash and performs better in candy machines. What's more, not normal for paper cash, plastic cash doesnt shed smidgens of ink and residue that can handicap ATMs by befuddling their optical perusers. Polymer bills are considerably more entangled to fake. They incorporate various security highlights including hard to-duplicate straightforward windows, shrouded numbers, metallic 3D images, and text imprinted in an infinitesimal textual style. Plastic cash likewise stays cleaner and turns out to be less grimy than paper cash, in light of the fact that the non-permeable surface doesnt retain sweat, body oils, or fluids. Actually, the plastic cash is for all intents and purposes waterproof, so the bills wont be destroyed on the off chance that they are left in a pocket unintentionally and end up in the clothes washer. As a matter of fact, plastic cash can take a great deal of misuse. You can twist and bend plastic cash without harming it. The new plastic cash is likewise less inclined to spread ailment since its harder for microscopic organisms to stick to the smooth, non-spongy surface. Canada will likewise save money on its new plastic cash. While the plastic monetary certificates cost more to print than their paper reciprocals, their more extended life implies Canada will wind up printing far less bills and spare a considerable measure of, well, cash over the long haul. Ecological Benefits With everything taken into account, it would appear that plastic cash is useful for the administration and useful for purchasers. Indeed, even the earth could wind up taking advantage of the pattern toward plastic money. It turns out plastic cash can be reused and used to make other plastic items, for example, fertilizer receptacles and plumbing installations. A real existence cycle appraisal appointed by the Bank of Canada confirmed that over their whole life cycle, the polymer bills are answerable for 32% less ozone depleting substance emanations, and 30% decrease in vitality need. However, the advantages of reusing are not elite to plastic cash. For as long as quite a while, different organizations have been reusing destroyed paper money and utilizing the reused material in items running from pencils and espresso cups to, ironicallyâ andâ appropriately, secret stashes.

Vancouver Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Vancouver Communication - Essay Example As the report announces VC works a participative style of the board with custom; rules and guideline are kept to a base. Organization works on meritocracy with appropriate polices for professional success, prizes, and execution evaluation framework. Organization seek after multi-skilling arrangement and stressed on adaptability and abilities instead of sets of responsibilities. Presently VC initiated the structure of new creation and circulation office in Turkey because of low work cost and to cover markets like Eastern Europe and Middle East. The CEO of the organization Mr. Mike Ansell recommending Helen Reeves, who has been designated as Head of Turkish activities, that she should seek after the equivalent hierarchical and individuals the board framework and practices which has been fruitful till now. Another individual Tony Rossini, head of HR in VC HQ is playing out an audit to evaluate the current exile the executives framework by conveying email overviews to past and current os tracizes to decide the issues and issues and distinguished certain issues. This paper focuses on that chiefs toward the start of the twenty first century are confronted with the truth of globalization. Directors must be cognizant that business sectors, supplies, speculators, areas, accomplices, contenders, etc can exists anyplace on the planet. Effective chiefs in this condition need to comprehend the similitudes and distinction across national limits so as to abuse the chances and manage the dangers. The associations viability will increment to the degree that chiefs comprehend the components affecting behaivour. A worldwide firms execution is probably going to improved when frameworks are set up that are harmonious with the different impacts that decide practices. While it is obviously difficult to see the entirety of the elements impacting practices, national societies and qualities give off an impression of being a significant beginning stage. Culture is one of the significant variables, which impacts massively. Conversation: Culture can be alluded to a mutual, normally held collection of general convictions and qualities that characterize what is directly for our gathering (Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, 1961: Lane and Distefano, 1988) or to socially elitist ideas including refinement of brain, tastes and habits (Heller, 1988). Various meanings of culture shows that culture is found out, shared, convincing, interrelated set and gives direction to individuals. Culture is so principal to society that it impacts individuals' practices in basic manners. Successful administration depends, at any rate partially, on guaranteeing that individuals carry on in manners that are suitable for the association. So understanding society is significant for directors to accomplish wanted conduct and results. Qualities are helpful in clarifying and understanding social similitudes and contrasts in conduct; along these lines getting values and their social premise in accommodating to global administrators (Punnett, 2004). Qualities set up the measures by which the significance of everything in the public arena is judged. So also needs, disposition and standards chooses explicit personal conduct standards of person's or gatherings.

Phyla, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota free essay sample

Zygomycota might be all the more usually as form found on bread and organic products. They are both sexual and abiogenetic; its principle trademark is zygospores. To repeat explicitly, two mating strains conjugate and make a zygospore. Zygospores are encased in a thick safe cell divider that stores supplements and duplicate explicitly in a good domain. They live in earthly territories, in soil or on plants or creatures and get supplements from rotting life forms. At the point when the vegetative piece of the growth assimilates supplements, it duplicates agamically creating sporangiospores. In spite of the fact that zygomycota negatively affects nourishment, it’s additionally used to age a few nourishments. Ascomycota parasites are the yeasts utilized in heating, blending, and wine maturation, they are significant in cell science, hereditary qualities, and creating penicillin. Ascomycota are described by its sac like structure the ascus, which contains ascospores where sexual multiplication happens outside the structure. Abiogenetic proliferation is conidia chains that break separated and coast noticeable all around or from sprouting. We will compose a custom exposition test on Phyla, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They are either single celled as yeast or filamentous as hyphae. Ascomycota assume a significant job as decomposers, they acquire supplements from dead and living beings and can expend any fluid that has water present. Most of Basidiomycota is eatable and is utilized to season cheeses, make medications, soy and paper items. Mushrooms are the most well-known basidiomycota, and they can be found anyplace from the back yard to the woods. Some basidiomycota add to the carbon cycle by disintegrating wood, they can likewise noxious, cause hypersensitivities, and nourishment deterioration. They additionally get their supplements from dead plant living beings. Basidiomycota replicate abiogenetically by growing or explicitly by the arrangement of basidiospores inside the structure.

Crime Causation and Diversion The Justice Programs - 825 Words

Crime Causation and Diversion: The Major Goal of Restorative Justice Programs (Essay Sample) Content: Crime Causation and Diversion NameInstitution Crime Causation and DiversionThe juvenile justice system in the state of Virginia is a special agency that manages a number of prevention and rehabilitation programs for young offenders. The system has a well-defined set of laws and procedures that govern the treatment of young offenders. Some of the programs specifically dedicated for juvenileoffenders in Virginia include diversion, intervention, and prevention programs (Commonwealth of Virginia, 2012). The state has a vested interest in promoting policies aimed at alleviating and reducing the rate off juvenile delinquency. Most of these policies are implemented through programs aimed at reducing recidivism through the implementation of diversion programs. Diversion programs offer juvenile offenders an alternative for of secure detention. The two diversion programs implemented in the state of Virginiainclude restorative justice services and community service initiatives . Both restorative justice services and community service programs work distinctively to reduce juvenile crime. The restorative justice service program ushers juvenile offenders, and subsequently enrolls them into different programs for reform. Guided by the values of restorative justice, the goal of the program help juvenile offenders reform by helping the minors to rebuild their relationship with families, neighbors, and the society at large (Singer, 2014). The program premise is placed on the needs of the victim, and the necessity to restore connection of the offender with the community. This is achieved by engaging them in constructive ways and averting the causes of crime. On the other hand, community service initiatives reduce juvenile crime by engaging the youth in a range of community services with the goal of reducing recidivism. Community service programs premise is to make youths more responsible, by engaging them in community-based initiatives (Henderson et al., 2016). T he program helps the youths to reform,and be reintegrated into the community as responsible reformed individuals who no longer engage in crime. The major goal of restorative justice programs is to engage multiple agencies such as schools, and community-based institutions to jointly correspond in averting juvenile crime and wrongdoing (Commonwealth of Virginia, 2016). Juveniles who commit select crime incidents are enrolled into restorative justice conferences so that they do not automatically enter the criminal justice system. The objective of the program is to respond to juvenile crime and wrongdoing by placing emphasis on the victims needsin order to alleviate the harm caused by the incident. The core belief in the implementation of restorative justice programs is that the platform offers a voice to the offender in the outcome, as well as reducing probability of the offense recurrence. On the contrary, community service programs are implemented with the major goal of engaging the juvenile offender in a constructive manner. The objective of the program is to assign community service hours to the youths who have broken the law, to enable them to learn key lessons about responsibility and accountability, as well as nurture positive relationships between the young offender and their adult supervisors (Singer, 2014). The core belief of the program is that by engaging juvenile offenders in community service, they learn valuable life and work skills while volunteering. The implementation of both restorative justice and community service programs is overseen by the state of Virginia in collaboration with key partners (Commonwealth of Virginia, 2016). The key participants in restorative justice programs include the juvenile offender, resource officers, and country agencies. The youth offender undertakes the program, whose implementation is overseen by the supervisors and officers. On the other hand, the key partners in the implementation of community service program s in Virginia include the court service unit, probation officers, and parole supervisors. The court service unit is dedicated to the implementation of a program that reduces youthful offender recidivism, whereas probation and parole officers offer cognitive behavior interventions for the young offenders, by engaging them in work and life skills programs. Diversion programs have district services aimed at assisting young offenders to reform. The services provided to the youth under the restorative justice system include home-based counseling, substance abuse rehabilitation, as well as community attention programs (Henderson et al., 2014). On the other hand, community service programs incorporate work service programs through the assignment of community service hours, and lessons on life skills to build a sense of responsibility and accountability among the juvenile of...

The Racism Of Jackie Robinson - 1008 Words

Danny Bogue Mr. Wallace History Day 12 September 2014 Jackie Robinson He walks into the stadium...hopeful...yet aware of the prejudice exiting in the minds of the ignorant... in the minds of those who do not realize his journey will empower the victims of unjustified hate and he will change history. Jackie Robinson shattered the color barrier in the MLB despite racism that permeated throughout the league and in society in the 1940 s. Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play major league baseball. He is a model or courage and fortitude for everyone, and has left a huge legacy in the baseball world and in the whole entire sports world. He was signed by the brooklyn Dodgers in April 15, 1947. This is when history was made. This paper will explain Jackie Robinson s life before his career as a dodger, how he played, the person behind the signing of Jackie, and most importantly how the fans treated him and how he was even a leader/what his legacy even was. Jack Roosevelt (Jackie) Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia on January 31, 1919. He was born to Mallie and Jerry Robinson. He was the first of 5 children and, like most last children, got the short end of the stick on everything. Jackie s parents got divorced when Jackie was just a few years old, he stayed with his mom. This was very hard for Jackie because it was very hard to be a African American in the early 1900 s, especially when you only have one parent. to you. After this happened Jackie and hisShow MoreRelatedRacism In The Movie 42, By Jackie Robinson792 Words   |  4 PagesJackie Robinson was a hall of famer, but also one of the most important African Americans. The film 42 is a biographical film about him and his life in years racism. The film emphases on Jackie Robinson’s change from a player in the Negro League to the big leagues. The movie is about the troubles he had to be a part of during these hard times. 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Defiance of Gender-Based Work Ethics in Bartleby and The...

Defiance of Gender-Based Work Ethics in Bartleby and The Yellow Wallpaper The issue of gender was an influential factor for writers in the 19th century, as Herman Melville and Charlotte Perkins Gilman explore in their pieces. In Bartleby, for instance, Herman Melville presents Bartleby as an employed scrivener-his service to the narrator is in the form of copying documents. This form of labor is appropriate for Bartleby according to 19th century society, which supported and approved of the male professional writer. However, he refuses this duty, and through his I-would-prefer-not-to statements, he challenges the standards held to him by society, reinforcing his individualism. On the other hand, in The Yellow†¦show more content†¦First, Turkey; second, Nippers; third, Ginger Nut (Melville 4). Here we see that the office is only occupied by males-Turkey, Nippers, Ginger Nut, and the narrator (I am a rather elderly man (1).). One can deduct that this law office is considered a more suitable and acceptable work environment for men, rather than for women. Narrator makes this idea more explicit earlier in the story. He says, The nature of my avocations for the last thirty years has brought me more than ordinary contact with †¦ an interesting†¦set of men†¦-I mean the law-copyists, or scriveners (3). Through his labor in law, and though the years of employing scriveners, he has only come in contact with me. No women are considered upon any mention of the scriveners position; no women are considered for the position of a professional writer. Also, as the quote states, two of the men were actual copyists (Turkey and Nippers), but the young Ginger Nut is the promising lad as an office boy. Narrator is setting up a work situation for this male apprentice with the hope that he eventually fills the necessary position. Again, the issue of his maleness is important to the argument. Ginger Nut is not a promising young lass; he is appropriate for the apprenticeship because he is male, and would therefore fit the standard set by the narrator and by society. Furthermore, Narrator gives nicknames to his three employees, which can be seen as an example of the

Ethical and Legal Issues in Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment in

Question: Discuss about theEthical and Legal Issues in Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment in Infants. Answer: Introduction Ethical dilemma is the situation, where the healthcare professionals have two choose between, what has to be done and what is correct to do. The ethical dilemma can be very stress for the healthcare professional providing acute care to the small infants. This paper is based on the case study of the baby Thomas, who was delivered in the 28 weeks gestation. After the birth, the baby was immediately transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), where the baby was administered with many invasive measures for ensuring adequate cardio-respiratory function and cerebral perfusion, as well as preventing hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, malnutrition, thromboses and sepsis. In the condition of the baby, he also suffered from recurrent episodes of apnoea. This is the condition, where the infants born at less than 35 week of gestation stop breathing for 15-20 seconds during sleep. The child had been in the NICU for 52 days, but his condition has not stabilized and he is providing poor respon se towards treatment. Head of the ICU and Anaesthesia Department, found medical futility of continuing the treatment. The people affected by ethical dilemma in this case scenario are the nurses and physiotherapist as well as the medical staff. Ethical Dilemma Ethical issues related to the premature birth of the baby can be very distressing. According to the given case scenario, the stakeholders involved in the ethical dilemma are the nurses, medical staff members and physiotherapists. The condition of the baby Thomas was very severe and according to the Head of the ICU and Anaesthesia Department, the ongoing treatments and invasive measures would be of no use. According to the potentially lengthening the treatment would not increase the length of his life. The chances of survival are very low, and even if the baby survives, he will suffer from severe neurological damage and may have to face serious disabilities. Continuing the treatment on the life support system is not appropriate for the child himself. The primary role of the healthcare professional in this regard is to inform and educate parents about the condition of the child. However, in this case the social worker believes that parents are not informed nor they were prepared for th e high probability that their baby may not survive. There are many ethical dilemma associated with this case scenario. According to the study of Bolton (2013), ethical nursing is the practice that requires analysing any kind of the bioethical issues from the perspectives of the nurses and medical staff members. This kind of ethical dilemma requires the ethical framework, which can assist them in taking the correct decisions. The nursing staff and other stakeholders involved in the case considered that the use of the life support system is useless in the case of baby Thomas and due to many physical problems he will not be able to survive. The child has been in the NICU since 52 days, and since then his condition has not improved. His admission in NICU on the request of his parents has also increased the inadequate financial burden. Parents believe that this is not correct and withdrawal of the life support system and NICU care must be done according to their concern (Larcher et al, 2015). The studies have shown the evidences, where the parents believe that they have and they should have the rights of making the primary decision related to the limitation and withdrawal of the life-sustaining medical treatmentfor their severely ill infants (Willems, Verhagen, van Wijlick, 2014). However the majority of the parent healthcare professionals believe that the primary decision should not solely be given in the hands of parents. The final decisions should be made by the physicians (Chung et al, 2016). Ethical Principles Beauchamp and Childress (2012) have developed the four important ethical principles for delivering the nursing practice through biomedical ethics. These principles can be used as the framework for analyzing the ethical situation. The four principles in Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence and Justice. Principle of Autonomy states that rights and dignity of every individual must be respected, which also includes the decision making capability of the person. Beneficence stands for providing balance benefits to the patient towards risk. Non-maleficence stands for avoiding any kind of harm to the patient and justice is to make a balance between risks and benefits. However, according the study of Tingle and Cribb (2013) this kind of ethical principle is limited and there should be the involvement of the professional decision making and judgment. According to these ethical principles the young infants are not competent to make their decisions, thus parental autonomy is important in the decision making. The ethical dilemma for the nursing professionals and other stakeholders in the given case scenario would be to stop the NICU treatment , as it is in best interest of the child and will also stop the financial burden, because the survival chance of child are very low. According to the case scenario, there has been a lack of nursing virtues that must be practiced by the healthcare professionals. The ethical dilemma arise because healthcare professional, do not informed the parents. The healthcare practice virtues must involve compassion, care, honest, courage and kindness that lack in the healthcare professionals in given case (Meert et al, 2015). Nurses and healthcare professionals working in the environment where highly complex technological care is required for the patients are often exposed to many ethical issues and challenges that question their integrity. Nurses are considered to be at the highest risk of getting affected by moral integrity and ethical dilemmas in the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (Eden, Callister, 2010). The healthcare professionals, in such cases the healthcare professionals are required to be intact with their own ethical obligations and must offer the best possible care and support to the infant and their family. The appropriate guidance to the parents is very important. Family centered care the major principle of the pediatric nursing (Maguire et al, 2012). It values the involvement and attitude of the parents. This kind of approach is meant to provide quality care to children and care should be planned around the complete family. According to the given case scenario of the baby Thomas, the family centered approach and its efficacy is also challenged. Concern Towards Withdrawal of Treatment The parents of baby Thomas wants that their baby must be given the chance and mechanical ventilation should not be removed. According the research study of Cereda and Carey (2012), some of the healthcare professionals and nursing professionals can make the decision about carrying out life-sustaining treatment in NICU, of the parents make request. This is done to respect parental autonomy. But, there are strong doubts about the benefits and efficiency of such treatment. This is because such treatment can also increase the suffering of the infant. The studies also display the evidences that show that parents must be given time to assimilate these recommendations from clinicians, or their distress levels will increase(Cereda and Carey, 2012) This is very distressing and challenge to decode whether child should be kept alive or should die, mainly for the parents this situation could be very distressing also they may experience loss, pain, frustration and anger. During this process, it is important and essential that parents receive continuous support throughout this process (Eden and Callister 2010). Family centered approach is menat to to provide emotional, psychological and compassionate support during the process of NICU treatment. With lack of support, parents may feel vulnerable towards the situation and may believe that treatment will keep their child alive. The palliative care given to infants requires to provide religious, pastoral and spiritual support (Mancini et al 2014). A study of parents views found these interventions, along with memory-making, are invaluable in th The ethical approach towards the treatment of the patients and mainly the infants involves to understand that whether the proposed treatment will improve the patients quality of life (Hagger, Ellis, Strumidlo, 2016). In the case of baby Thomas the healthcare professionals understood that ongoing invasive treatment will not improve the patients condition, as the chances of survival are nearly zero as well as child may also suffer from severe neurological damage. Intensive treatment in the case of baby Thomas is of not benefit, and burden of such treatment also overshadows the benefits. According to the evidence based study of the Baird, (2011), the long term invasive and ventilation treatment can increase the suffering of the child and reduces the quality of life. Baby Thomas suffers from bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which has resulted due to mechanical ventilation. The efforts for the extubation of the baby are also found to be unsuccessful. This condition of the baby cannot be cured. The ethical and legal parameter involved in the case requires the healthcare professionals to find contextual factors that can be responsible for affecting the decision. Thomas has been born in 24 weeks gestation, which reduces the chances of survival. He has also faced the recurrent episodes of apnoea and required resuscitation several times. Without invasive treatments also Thomass condition would have deteriorated and ultimately had resulted in his death. However, the treatment was carried out for 52 days, but no signs of improvement were seen. Legal and Ethical Solution The ethical principle is to respect life of every individual and must take measures to save it. If the ongoing invasive treatment is considered to alleviate the suffering then such process will be considered as prolonging the dying unethical use of the medical resources (Mancini et al, 2014). According to the evidence based study of Hagger, Ellis, Strumidlo (2016), states that In such cases, it is necessary to facilitate a family centred individual approach that considers the unique context and quality of life as assessed in partnership with the family (p. 50). For making and ethical and legal resolution for this problem, it is important that there is unanimity must be achieved in decision making process between healthcare professionals and parents (Janvier, Barrington, Farlow, 2014). Parents should be informed about all the aspects of the treatment and their childs condition (Dupont-Thibodeau et al, 2014). In the case of conflict in decision making, clinical ethics committee must be involved. The role of clinical ethics committee is to help the healthcare organizations in making ethical decisions. If the resolution with the help of this committee could be achieved, legal consideration should be addressed regarding withholding life sustaining treatment in case of infants. The rights of the child are protected under the law and it is considered that healthcare professionals have the moral obligation to provide quality of care. Withholding or withdrawal of the treatment must be balanced with duty of care and benefit of the patient (Willmott, White, Then, 2014). It may be believed the withdrawal of the life sustaining treatment could be the denial of the basic rights of the infants, but it is considered to be within law if it is done in best interest of the child. If the ongoing invasive treatment is increasing the burden of treatment on child, if it is impacting the severity of the childs condition, instead of providing benefits if the treatment is increasing suffering and if the condition of child is that it becomes difficult to or impossible to improve, the treatment can be withdrawn (Larcher et al, 2015). Thus, the decision should be made with mutual agreement of the parents and healthcare professionals. For the legal and ethical decision making the three main aspects should be considered that are quality of life, comparison of burden and benefits of treatment and futility of the ongoing treatment (Willmott et al, 2014). Conclusion The paper is based on the case study of a infant. Baby Thomas was born in the 24 weeks gestation period, which makes him a premature baby. The survival of the premature babies is often difficult. On the request of the parents, baby was transferred to NICU, where he had been getting the treatment for various physical problems. Even after 52 days of admission in NICU, no significant changes in the condition of the child were seen. Due to which Healthcare professionals decided to withdraw the life sustaining treatment, as it was increasing treatment burden on child as well as increasing the burden of financial cost. Paper discussed the ethical and legal parameters of withdrawal of the life sustaining treatment and provided a legal and ethical resolution for the problem. References Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2012).Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press, USA. Baird, H. S. (2011). Paediatric long term ventilation; the right or wrong move? A critical analysis based on case studies in picu, exploring the controversial issues surrounding the initiation of long term ventilation in children with chronic disease.Archives of Disease in Childhood,96(Suppl 1), A80-A81. Bolton, K. (2013). Ethical Aspects of Withdrawing or Withholding Treatment.Modern Medicine. Chung, G. S., Yoon, J. D., Rasinski, K. A., Curlin, F. A. (2016). US Physicians Opinions about Distinctions between Withdrawing and Withholding Life-Sustaining Treatment.Journal of religion and health, 1-11. Dupont-Thibodeau, A., Barrington, K. J., Farlow, B., Janvier, A. (2014, February). End-of-life decisions for extremely low-gestational-age infants: why simple rules for complicated decisions should be avoided. InSeminars in perinatology(Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 31-37). WB Saunders. Eden, L. M., Callister, L. C. (2010). Parent involvement in end-of-life care and decision making in the newborn intensive care unit: an integrative review.The Journal of perinatal education,19(1), 29-39. Hagger, V., Ellis, C., Strumidlo, L. (2016). Legal and ethical issues in neonatal nursing: a casestudy.Nursing Standard,30(44), 48-53. Janvier, A., Barrington, K., Farlow, B. (2014, February). Communication with parents concerning withholding or withdrawing of life-sustaining interventions in neonatology. InSeminars in perinatology(Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 38-46). WB Saunders. Larcher, V., Craig, F., Bhogal, K., Wilkinson, D., Brierley, J. (2015). Making decisions tonlimit treatment in life-limiting and life-threatening conditions in children: a framework for practice.Archives of disease in childhood,100(Suppl 2), s1-s23. Maguire, D., Webb, M., Passmore, D., Cline, G. (2012). NICU nurses' lived experience:caring for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome.Advances in Neonatal Care,12(5), 281-285. Mancini, A., Uthaya, S., Beardsley, C., Wood, D., Modi, N. (2014). Practical guidance for themanagement of palliative care on neonatal units.London: Chelsea Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Meert, K. L., Keele, L., Morrison, W., Berg, R. A., Dalton, H., Newth, C. J., ... Clark, A. (2015). End-of-life practices among tertiary care PICUs in the United States: A multicenter study.Pediatric Critical Care Medicine,16(7), e231-e238. Tingle, J., Cribb, A. (Eds.). (2013).Nursing law and ethics. John Wiley Sons. Willmott, L., White, B., Smith, M. K., Wilkinson, D. J. (2014). Withholding and withdrawinglife-sustaining treatment in a patients best interests: Australian judicial deliberations.Medical Journal of Australia,201(9), 545-547. Willmott, L., White, B. P., Then, S. N. (2014). Withholding and withdrawing life-sustainingmedical treatment.Health Law in Australia [2nd ed.], 543-592. Willems, D. L., Verhagen, A. E., van Wijlick, E. (2014). Infants best interests in end-of-life care for newborns.Pediatrics,134(4), e1163-e1168.

Slave Trade free essay sample

The slave trade was conducted by the Europeans in order to raise their profit of sugar plantation, and they cornered Africans into a harsh situation during and after the voyage. From the early 1 asss to the early 1 asss, the Europeans increasingly bought slaves from Africans who needed weapons and other food supplies for their ongoing wars. To maximize the profit, the captains of slave ships wanted to carry as many healthy slaves for as little cost as possible by choosing either a loose or a tight packing system. From the 1 COOS to the mid 1 odds about 12 million black slaves were shipped from Africa to the Western World, enduring brutal and crowded conditions which caused the slaves to have a horror of death and diseases. Approximately 2 million blacks died during the journey, about 65 percent of them were transported to sugar colonies like Brazil and Cuba, and about 6 percent of the black slaves were sent to North America. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Slavery became widespread in South America as well as in other sugar colonies.Slaves in Latin America were maltreated since the welfare laws that were enacted to protect the slaves were poorly enforced. However, slaves in the united States generally had a utter life than those in South America, even though slavery there was also as cruel as it was in Latin America. All in all, Africans had to suffer from inhumane conditions without the protection of laws on the way to America and after the long voyage, just for the sake of the white peoples profit. Part 2: Why was so indifferent to the agony of people who were discriminated against even though I myself am a visible minority?This was the first question that popped into my mind after the last groups presentation. To be honest, have always had a horror of being discriminated against by racists. However, I only cared about my own problem. I was completely ignorant about other people who were maltreated and their miserable history. This topic, the history of African slaves, would not interest me at all unless I had the opportunity to learn about it in class. Therefore, there were many new facts did not know before doing this activity since my understanding of slavery was only superficial.One new fact was that the slave trade had been conducted since ancient times. Another new fact was that the majority of black slaves worked on sugar plantation. I could also learn about the Bureau of refugee and abandoned lands, which helped the African slaves resettle by offering hem food and other supplies and setting up hospitals and schools. Other than these three facts mentioned above, found it interesting that Harriet Tuba, a well-known leader who aided African slaves to escape, was once a slave herself.The reason why was impressed by her was that she never gave up helping people live better lives despite her condition of being a female slave. She escaped from slavery and escorted slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad. Not only that, she raised money to educate black people, assisted the elderly and the needy African Americans, and contributed to the improvements in the rights of women. Her story taught me a lesson that can overcome any obstacle and do something for people around me as long as I do not give up. Thanks to the efforts of people like Harriet Tuba, slavery could be banned. Abolition of slavery played a significant role in actualization the principle of equal treatment of persons irrespective of not only races but also gender and religion. It has had a positive impact on society in that people started to understand it was important to support and respect diversity. However, think other forms of discrimination still remain: age, appearance, social standing, sexual orientation, intelligence, ethnicity, and so on. Furthermore, even now, there are people who suffer from a similar type of treatment as Africans did.For example, North Korean defectors who are repatriated to their country are enduring a tough life. They are segregated from other people and work like slaves since they were sentenced to do forced labor for the rest of their lives. This is because they have different political views and had tried to escape from North Korea. If they violate the rules made by the Communist party, they are at a risk of execution. In my opinion, it is time for us to give people ho are discriminated against continued interests.Discriminated people are all people like us, and there is no reason for them to be treated like that. We have the words to change our society and the power to rewrite our history. To let the world know about these people and to raise awareness, we can start from a little thing such as joining a school social justice club. As Mahatma Gandhi said, The only difference be;en man and man all the world over is one of degree, and not of kind, even as there is between trees of the same species. Where in is the cause for anger, envy or discrimination? Slave Trade free essay sample Colonialism and Imperialism are one of the core foundations of the Atlantic Trade System that occurred between the 14th and 19th centuries. Colonialism is the process of a group of external settlers, in this case settling in Africa and claiming the land for their own. Colonialism is the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people. Colonialism refers to the set of practices and policies implemented by the imperial agents to obtain and maintain control, stability, economic objectives, and social engineering in the constituent polities of the imperial periphery. G. 12) Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial conquest or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. Most subsequent definitions Of imperialism agree that it refers to an ideology or set Of doctrines, that it implies domination that it reflects international affairs, and it involves actions and ideas in support of expansionism and the maintenance of empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Peg. 7 Modern Imperialism and Colonialism).Imperialism and alongside facilitated both the general and the regional effects of the sugar revolution, while at the same time the sugar revolution helped to shape the direction of imperialism and colonialism in new ways. The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of slaves transported to the New World were Africans from the central and western parts of the continent, sold by Africans to European slave traders who then transported them to North and South America.The numbers were so great that Africans who name by way of the slave trade became the most numerous Old-World immigrants in both North and South America before the late eighteenth century. The Portuguese were the first to engage in the New World slave trade, and others soon followed. Slaves were considered cargo by the ship owners, to be transported to the Americas as quickly and cheaply as possible, there to be sold to labor in coffee, tobacco, cocoa, cotton and sugar plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, construction industry, cutting timber for ships, and as house servants.The Triangular Trade is a route to chive slaves . It got its name from the three routes that formed a triangle. The first route carried fish, lumber, and other goods from New England to the West Indies. In the West Indies they picked up sugar and molasses which is a dark brown syrup product made from sugar cane. This was used to makes rum. From the West Indies merchants carried the rum, along with guns, gunpowder, and tools to West Africa. Here, they traded these items for slaves; they carried the slaves to the West Indies where they were sold.Traders would take the profits and buy more molasses. The transportation of black Africans to the Americas was known as the Middle passage because it was the middle leg of the Triangular Trade route used by the European merchants. The slaves were treated so harshly that some of them din t make it to the West Indies. Traders were so greedy that they wanted to bring as many slaves as possible. The slaves were chained and crammed together below the deck. There was hardly any sitting room or standing room. The slaves even have fresh air.The air was so stifling that some suffocated to death. Others tried to starve themselves to death or jump over board. Most died from diseases. Aloud Equation vividly recounts the shock and isolation that he felt during the Middle Passage to Barbados and his fear that the European slavers would eat him. Soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables and on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands and laid me across the windlass and tied my feet while the other flogged me severely. Had never experienced anything of this kind before.If I could have gotten over the nettings, would have jumped over the side, but I could not. The crew used to watch very closely those of us who were not chained down to the decks, lest we should leap into the water. I have seen some of these poor African prisoners most severely cut for attempting to do so, and hourly whipped for not eating. (Narrative 3) Slaves were mainly transported to work on plantations and work hard labor all year long. The sugar revolution and the Atlantic Slave Trade led to about 2. 5 million slaves being transported to the new world.As the result of the Atlantic plantation colonies, sugar had been exported to Europe as a luxury item since the last four decades on the fifteenth century. Sugar was very popular at the time and was used for many other resources such as medicines, sugar sculptures and tea. In 1550, only he rich could afford sugar and it was a luxury. By 1 750, the poorest farmers wife took sugar in her tea. With the mass production of imported sugar from the Caribbean, by 1800, 18 lbs. Of sugar per person was being consumed per year. 86) By 1 600 approximately 30,000 African slaves labored in Brazil. More slaves were imported to Brazil than any other locations in the Americas. The particular needs of sugar production help explain in the need for such vast quantities of labor in Brazil. Once planted, the first crop takes between 15 and 18 months to mature, after which the 10;foot stalks are cut back for harvest. African slaves were to work in harsh conditions with little food under the hot beaming sun. The sugar stalks takes nine months to grow back. 91 ) The British had a huge success obtaining huge amounts of profits the Atlantic Slave trade and with the middle passage. Spain obtained gold and a large amount of money and so, everyone wanted a piece. Imperialism was the motivation for more. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mercantilism was the dominant economic theory guiding most European states. Itself a symptom of the increasing competition in Europe, mercantilism s a set of theories preached that nations competed against each other in the economic as well at the political realm. 79) The waging of war against an enemy had already begun, warfare. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such theft was authorized and supported by Spains rivals as legitimate tool of the state. What Spain saw as blatant piracy, its rivals saw as an acceptable means by which undermine the power of the Spanish Empire. These thieves were known as corsairs or privateers. As corsairs, civilians were granted licenses to plunder any and all Spanish shipping on the seas, opposed in retaliation for Spanish acts of war on land. (peg. 0) These pass events are extremely important because it molded our future. Things wouldve been very different if slaves were never captured and put to work hard labor in the sugar plantations. Europeans would have never produced crops or gain money from them. Sugar wouldnt have been so popular and maybe consume less. Europe would have not made massive amounts of money and profits they made from the slaves and the cash crops in the Caribbean. If slaves were never taken in the first place, maybe Africa wouldnt have been in such poverty this modern day. Slave Trade free essay sample Some West Africans mined gold, salt, iron, copper or even diamonds. African art was primarily religious, and each community had artisans skilled at producing works that would please the tribal gods. The center of African life in ancient and modern times is the family. Since Africans consider all individuals who can trace roots to a common ancestor, this family often comprised hundreds of members. Like Native American tribes, there is tremendous diversity among the peoples of West Africa. Some traced their heritage through the fathers bloodline, some wrought the mothers. Some were democratic, while others had a strong ruler. Most African tribes had a noble class, and slavery in Africa predates the written record. The slavery known to Africans prior to European contact did not involve a belief in inferiority of the slaves. Most slaves in West Africa were captured in war. Although legally considered property, most African slaves were treated as family members. We will write a custom essay sample on Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their children could not be bought or sold. Many achieved high honors in their communities, and freedom by manumission was not uncommon. Plantation slavery was virtually unknown on the African continent. The impending slave trade brings ruin to West Africa. Entire villages disappear. Guns and alcohol spread across the continent. Tribes turn against other tribes as the once-fabled empires fade into history. The Diaspora of African peoples around the world had begun. Two by two the men and women were forced beneath deck into the bowels of the slave ship. The packing was done as efficiently as possible. The captives lay down on unfinished planking with virtually no room to move or breathe.Some will die of disease, some of starvation, and some simply of despair. This was the fate of millions of West Africans across three and a half centuries of the slave trade on the voyage known as the middle passage. I Slaves were fed twice daily and some captains made vain attempts to clean the hold at this time. Air holes were cut into the deck to allow the slaves breathing air, but these were closed in stormy conditions. The bodies of the dead were simply thrust overboard. Upon reaching the West Indies, the slaves were fed and cleaned in the hopes Of bringing a high price on the block.Those that could not be sold were left for dead. The slaves were then transported to their final destination. It was in this unspeakable manner that between ten and twenty million Africans were introduced to the New World. When immigrants reach a new land, their old ways die hard. This has been the case with most immigrant groups to the New World. The language, customs, values, religious beliefs, and artistic forms they bring across the Atlantic are reshaped by the new realities of America and, in turn, add to its fabric. The rich traditions ofAfrica combined with the British colonial experience created a new ethnicity the African American. Much controversy arises when attempts are made to determine what African traditions have survived in the New World. Hundreds of words, such as banjo and okra are part of American discourse. Song and dance traditions comparable to African custom were commonly seen in the American South. Much of African history is known through oral tradition. Folk tales passed down through the generations on the African continent were similarly dispatched in African American communities.Many devout British colonists saw conversion of slaves to Christianity as a divine duty. Consequently, the Christian religion was widely adopted by slaves. The practice of Christianity by slaves differed from white Christians. The religious beliefs Of many African tribes merged with elements Of Christianity to form voodoo. There were many changes throughout Africa and even America that were caused by slave trade. Today, American students are taught most of the positive effects towards the English, but they dont tell us about the horrible effects slave trade had on Africans.

Enlightenment Notes essays

Enlightenment Notes essays The Enlightenment, or The Age of Reason -all of a sudden, people took all they were learning about science and decided to apply it to society -absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy, or something else, people experiment to discover which one works best -people collect data, they study it, analyze it, and record it, then come to a conclusion - first man to do this was John Hobbes -he is an English subject, defended concept of absolute monarch -Hobbes wrote something dramatic that ticked a lot of people off, we give up our rights to the government in order to have a society with law and order -another guy says that everything Hobbes said is wrong -he is John Locke, says they should ditch monarchys completely - all people are born with natural rights, natural rights are the right to life, liberty, and ownership of property -a government should protect the natural rights of its people -Locke then says that the people have the right to rebel, if the government does not -American Revelution was based on this thought 3 guys head of the French Philosophes, Diderot, Voltaire (second estate), Montesquieu Voltaire writes satires, were hugely popular, wrote Candide (made fun of nobles, beausuazi, peasents, Catholic church, every part of french society) Diderot compiled very first Encyclopedia Montesquieu- says if we get rid of the king, we can have a government like this, 3 branches, checks and balances, separation of power, legislative, executive, judicial, legislative, make laws, executive carry out laws, judicial will interpret laws 3 philosofes (Voltaire, Diderot, Montesqueiu) would meet various places, salons, coffee houses, debate topics and go off and write about them Jeane Jacque Rousseau was a poor bay in Switzerland, snuck into school, first day of school, teacher introduces him and all the kids start to laugh because he didnt have any shoes, teachers and students rej...

Compare and contrast the concepts of Leadership and Power. Draw Essay

Compare and contrast the concepts of Leadership and Power. Draw comparisons between French and Ravens (1959) Bases of Power, expansions of the bases, and a - Essay Example The capacity for individual and organizational transformation must be accompanied by moral responsibility, for transformational leaders shape powerful social and institutional cultures, which may either, be liberating or oppressive. Sources of Interpersonal Power may be 1) Expert -- based on knowledge and expertise, 2) Referent -- extent to which subordinate likes or identifies with supervisor, 3) Legitimate -- job title, 4) Reward -- ability to reward subordinates and 5) Coercive -- ability to punish subordinates.5 While Sources of Political Power (Yukl, 1989)6, Control over decision processes, 2) Forming coalitions, 3) Co-optation, and 4) Gaining influence in large organizations likely to be more a matter of political power than individual power. While t leader-member relations, task structure, and position power to deal with situation, determines the best kind of leader.

The Budget Deficit in Oman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

The Budget Deficit in Oman - Research Paper Example Overall vote of thanks goes to all people and Oman citizens who have had both directly and indirectly contributed in accomplishment and delivery of this research both real field research and report preparation. Financing team and field directors are not left out due to their special contribution in data collection for actual study. Submission of heartfelt appreciation is to all and sundry. Chapter One: Introduction Aim The goal is to establish the factors that make the budget deficit in Oman and formulation of ways of reducing budget deficit in the country. The research establishes ways of reducing the impact of the factors contributing to large government expenditure which results to large government expenditure. In order to accomplish the research objective, there are various research methodologies used for data collection and analysis. Objectives 1. To establish the causes of the current budget deficit in Oman based on various economic factors such as government spending. 2. To establish the contribution of corruption in oil management to current budget deficit in Oman by questioning many managers and citizens working in the oil firms. 3. To establish long term solutions to the current budget deficit in Oman. The views of different economists about the high budget deficit in Oman are obtained alongside their opinions on ways of resolving the issue on a long term ba sis. 4. To establish ways through which the Oman government can reduce government expenditures in order to reduce occurrences of budget deficits in future. This is achieved by reviewing various government expenditures and formulating mechanisms of reducing such expenditures. 5. To establish the different income-generating avenues in Oman so as to reduce government’s over reliance on the oil market projections. This goal is geared towards establishing other ways through which the Oman government can obtain revenues in order to minimise the governments dependency on

Server-side scripting of web pages part 2 Essay Example for Free

Server-side scripting of web pages part 2 Essay

Shakespeare - Tragic Heros Essay -- essays research papers

The name "tragic hero", which has become synonymous with Shakespearean dramas, was developed before Hamlet, Macbeth or any of Shakespeare’s well-known plays were written. The literary term was actually discovered around 330 BC by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Through his theory of catharsis, Aristotle debated that the great plays of Sophicles, Euripides, and other Greek playwrights contained tragic heroes similar to each other, which all portrayed four basic characteristics ("English Lit."). These qualities were a tragic flaw, or harmartia, they all were from a noble class, with very human personalities, and they all face their tragedy with dignity. It is not until the late 1500s that Shakespeare began to utilize Aristotle’s observations in the production of his many tragedies (Desjardens). Probably the most important characteristic of a Shakespearean tragic hero is that one must posses a tragic flaw, because without the flaw, there would never be a downfall. The ultimate flaw varies from one play to another, King Lear’s flaw is that of arrogance while Macbeth’s it one of ambition. Some characters may be guilty of harboring many flaws, like Othello. Among Othello’s wrongs are gullibility and stupidity. In either case, the character never realizes ones flaws until act five, however, by that time it is too late (Desjardens). While the tragic flaw is the key element in a tragedy, the tragic hero’s social status i...

John Deere and Complex Parts

Strengths of the AEP: (Q1. , p. 109) – Evaluation is carried out by Deere personnel from different departments such as supply management, operations, quality engineering etc†¦ This makes the evealuation more transparent and comprehensive since the opinions of diverse personnel from different departments are taken into account – Suppliers were evaluated in five key areas, thus making the evaluation all inclusive – The use of the wavelength rating is an innovative approach to measure the supplier's focus on quality, cost etc†¦ The cost, wavelength and technical ratings are consensus composite ratings, which measures a variety of underlying aspects, rather than provide a brief overview. – Suppliers were classified into 4, making it easy to identify where each supplier stood with regard to others – The annual revision of performance level cutoffs is another strength of the AEP. Periodic revisions make sure that the ratings reflect current chan ges. The supplier performance summary provided each quarter provides suppliers with all pertinent data related to their classification – Training and recognition are only provided to suppliers with high ratings, thereby acting as an incentive to suppliers with low ratings to catch up. Weaknesses of the AEP: – The weakest category tends to skew the overall evaluation, which would work against suppliers providing consistent service with minor glitches. These glitches tend to be amplified in the rating – Training is not provided to conditional suppliers, which is counter productive. A training program for such suppliers is likely to improve performance – The delivery and quality ratings are not composite ratings. Breaking down these ratings into individual components would provide more clarity. For example, the delivery rating makes no mention of the percentage of late, early or over deliveries. Other Criteria to be included: (Chapter 3, page 66) Total cost of Ownership including cost of special handling, cost of defects, rework etc†¦ should be included in the AEP – The financial strength of the supplier should be included, possibly in the form of a credit rating – Responsiveness and flexibilty measured by responsiveness to customers, accuracy of record keeping, changes in delivery schedules, responsiveness to changing situations etc†¦ should be included Performance over the last year: (q. 2, p 109) Complex parts has not performed adequately over the last year. I say this because of the following reasons: – Certain requested price quotes had not reached Deere on time. – Suggestions for cost reduction and elimination of recurrent problems were not forthcoming – Increasing number of deliveries had to be expedited, which cost Deere – Complex parts delivery rating in the last quarter had hit a dismal 155,000- the level of a conditional supplier – Complex parts had not implemented the Deere quality plan at its new facility – Parts supplied for new product programs had not met Deere's cost targets, thus reducing profit Though Complex parts became ISO certified, internalized the Deere Quality plan elements, provided profitable suggestions through its R&D department and had been proactive in its business approach, the above shortcomings overwhelm the positive aspects. Hence, Complex parts has not performed adequately over the past year. Classification: In the absence of adequate data, it is difficult to assign a classification to Complex parts. Over the last quarter, Complex parts' delivery rating was 155,000. The quality, wavelength, technical and cost management ratings have not been provided. Complex parts' delivery rating of 155,000 would make it a ‘conditional' supplier. Therefore a conditional supplier classification is most apt, based on the latest available quarterly data Alternative courses of action (q. 3, p. 109) – The first course of action would be to intimate Complex parts of its shortcomings. Having done this, the next step would be to downgrade its classification. Complex parts should then be provided an ultimatum, failing which it would cease to exist as a supplier. The ultimatum would be to meet certain set standards over the next quarter. This course of action would be taken because of the longstanding relationship with Complex parts, which was proactive – The second and obvious course of action would be to terminate Complex parts as a supplier. Since there are 2 other suppliers who are capable of delivering the needed product, this move would make sense. However this would mean severing a relationship of ten years. – The third alternative would be to reduce the quantity sourced from Complex parts, sourcing the balance on a trial basis from either of the two capable suppliers. This move would provide an objective assessment of the new supplier as well as Complex parts. In addition Complex parts would be provided with an ultimatum, failing which it would cease to exist as a supplier. Recommendation: – Intimate Complex parts of the shortcomings. Provide a set of standards to be adhered to within the next quarter. Make it explicitly clear that any shortfalls in set standards would lead to Complex parts being terminated as a supplier. Short term implications for Deere: (Q4, p. 109) Possibilty of costs increasing due to expedited deliveries – Possibility of increased costs in new product development programs due to Complex parts' failure to meet estimated costs – Cost escalation because of a delay in receiving quotes – Possibility of a further fall in quality of Complex parts because of its not implementing the Deere quality plan at its new facility – Possibility of a frayed relationship as a result of the ultimatum – N eed to keep a continuous watch on Complex parts to make sure standards are met. – A Continuous watch would mean extra costs for Deere Long term implications: ( Chapter 4, p. 95) – Provides an opportunity for Complex parts to get back to its previous high standards – Cost reductions because of continuing with a trusted partner – Early supplier involvement would continue, thereby profiting both. – Value engineering provided by Complex parts through its R team would reduce cost and improve quality – The proactive approach of Complex parts would reduce new product development time – Change management would be easily implemented – Alliance development would be initiated

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