The Racism Of Jackie Robinson - 1008 Words

Danny Bogue Mr. Wallace History Day 12 September 2014 Jackie Robinson He walks into the stadium...hopeful...yet aware of the prejudice exiting in the minds of the ignorant... in the minds of those who do not realize his journey will empower the victims of unjustified hate and he will change history. Jackie Robinson shattered the color barrier in the MLB despite racism that permeated throughout the league and in society in the 1940 s. Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play major league baseball. He is a model or courage and fortitude for everyone, and has left a huge legacy in the baseball world and in the whole entire sports world. He was signed by the brooklyn Dodgers in April 15, 1947. This is when history was made. This paper will explain Jackie Robinson s life before his career as a dodger, how he played, the person behind the signing of Jackie, and most importantly how the fans treated him and how he was even a leader/what his legacy even was. Jack Roosevelt (Jackie) Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia on January 31, 1919. He was born to Mallie and Jerry Robinson. He was the first of 5 children and, like most last children, got the short end of the stick on everything. Jackie s parents got divorced when Jackie was just a few years old, he stayed with his mom. This was very hard for Jackie because it was very hard to be a African American in the early 1900 s, especially when you only have one parent. to you. After this happened Jackie and hisShow MoreRelatedRacism In The Movie 42, By Jackie Robinson792 Words   |  4 PagesJackie Robinson was a hall of famer, but also one of the most important African Americans. The film 42 is a biographical film about him and his life in years racism. The film emphases on Jackie Robinson’s change from a player in the Negro League to the big leagues. The movie is about the troubles he had to be a part of during these hard times. The film shows Robinson as becoming a great player and person and leading his team to the World Series Game. Besides the min or details, the movie 42 is correctRead MoreJackie Robinson. Cameron Thueson. Madison High School.1687 Words   |  7 PagesJackie Robinson Cameron Thueson Madison High School Jackie Robinson Introduction Only a few people in American history can say they ve completely changed their respective area of expertise. Jackie Robinson is one of those people. Jackie Robinson not only changed the sport of baseball, but the whole sports world as he braved racism, discrimination and segregation to break the racial and cultural barriers in the sports world. Childhood Jackie Robinson’s childhood had a direct impactRead MoreJackie Robinson s Life Is Not A Spectator Sport837 Words   |  4 PagesJackie Robinson In the words of pro baseball player Jackie Robinson, â€Å"Life is not a spectator sport. If you re going to spend your whole life in the grandstand just watching what goes on, in my opinion you re wasting your life.† Robinson is a true symbol of hard work and dedication. Robinson was one of the first African American baseball players to play on a major league baseball team since the 1880s. Robinson helped to crush the stigma that existed between the segregated leagues. His hard workRead MoreJackie Robinson And The Civil Rights Movement1432 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War I, racism and bigotry abounded in the United States. Even though the integration of schools had recently been instated, Jim Crow laws severely limited the activity of African Americans in society, resulting in baseball teams being limited to whites. Jackie Robinson made an important step in gaining rights for African Americans when he broke the color barrier of baseball in 1947. He did this by making civil ri ghts his ambition even before the protests began (Coombs 117). Jackie Robinson’sRead MoreJackie Robinson and the Civil Rights Movement Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican community, Jackie Robinson was just what the sports pages said he was, no more, no less. He was the first Negro to play baseball in the major leagues. Everybody knew that, but to see the real Jackie Robinson, you must de-emphasize him as a ball player and emphasize him as a civil rights leader. That part drops out, that which people forget. From his early army days, until well after his baseball days, Robinson had fought to achieve equality among whites and blacks. Jackie acted out the philosophyRead MoreJackie Robinson : The Game Of Baseball Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagesname is legendary Jackie Robinson. Jackie grew up in unfortunate circumstances that many families dealt with at the time with his dad being a sharecropper. Born in Cairo, Georgia, Jackie was the youngest of five and moved to Cal ifornia with his mother after their husband/father left them. Despite their struggles, Jackie’s main focus was on sports and really pushed him through high school and colleges (Kenny, 34). Although I have also found to make that claim that Jackie Robinson was a good exampleRead MoreHigh811 Words   |  4 PagesBeing a legend is not easy. That ever experienced by Jackie Robinson, the first black baseball player in the American professional league, Major League Baseball in 1947. The modern era film 42 which takes its title from Jackie jersey number when he played for the Brooklyn Dodgers club is directed by Brian Helgeland. This movie tells the story of discrimination suffered by Jackie Robinson (Chadwick Boseman) as the first black player in the American professional league. Since Germany and Japan wereRead MoreThe Man Who Broke The Color Barrier, Jackie Robinson Essay854 Words   |  4 Pages29 November 2016 English 2 Block 1 Living Wax Museum Jackie Robinson Biography The man who broke the color barrier, Jackie Robinson. Robinson was the first African-American to play in the MLB. Robinson overcame many obstacles in his career the main ones being racism and segregation. Robinson had a 10 year career with the Dodgers. Robinson became a civil rights activist being involved in the NAACP after his retirement from baseball. Jackie has received numerous awards not only for his physicalRead MoreProfessional Sports: A Barrier Meant to be Broken Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesin professional sports was a turning point in history. It happened in 1947, when Jackie Robinson, an African-American athlete, began playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers under the watchful eye of their owner, Branch Rickey. The man who broke this barrier was a hero in his own right, changing the world of baseball as well as aiding the Civil Rights Movement. But this was not his only heroic accomplishment. Robinson was a star athlete as a child, at the University of California, Los An geles, and inRead MoreA Brief Biography of Jackie Robinson673 Words   |  3 PagesJackie Robinson was one of the most historically well known people in the civil rights movement. So as the first man to integrate major league baseball, Jackie Robinson had a game changing impact on the way the game was played. Having the courage to fight for what is right, Jackie broke the imaginary color barrier that has covered major league baseball for years. Through his resiliency and tenaciousness in the face of seemingly unconquerable odds, Jackie Robinson set the course for African Americans

Defiance of Gender-Based Work Ethics in Bartleby and The...

Defiance of Gender-Based Work Ethics in Bartleby and The Yellow Wallpaper The issue of gender was an influential factor for writers in the 19th century, as Herman Melville and Charlotte Perkins Gilman explore in their pieces. In Bartleby, for instance, Herman Melville presents Bartleby as an employed scrivener-his service to the narrator is in the form of copying documents. This form of labor is appropriate for Bartleby according to 19th century society, which supported and approved of the male professional writer. However, he refuses this duty, and through his I-would-prefer-not-to statements, he challenges the standards held to him by society, reinforcing his individualism. On the other hand, in The Yellow†¦show more content†¦First, Turkey; second, Nippers; third, Ginger Nut (Melville 4). Here we see that the office is only occupied by males-Turkey, Nippers, Ginger Nut, and the narrator (I am a rather elderly man (1).). One can deduct that this law office is considered a more suitable and acceptable work environment for men, rather than for women. Narrator makes this idea more explicit earlier in the story. He says, The nature of my avocations for the last thirty years has brought me more than ordinary contact with †¦ an interesting†¦set of men†¦-I mean the law-copyists, or scriveners (3). Through his labor in law, and though the years of employing scriveners, he has only come in contact with me. No women are considered upon any mention of the scriveners position; no women are considered for the position of a professional writer. Also, as the quote states, two of the men were actual copyists (Turkey and Nippers), but the young Ginger Nut is the promising lad as an office boy. Narrator is setting up a work situation for this male apprentice with the hope that he eventually fills the necessary position. Again, the issue of his maleness is important to the argument. Ginger Nut is not a promising young lass; he is appropriate for the apprenticeship because he is male, and would therefore fit the standard set by the narrator and by society. Furthermore, Narrator gives nicknames to his three employees, which can be seen as an example of the

Ethical and Legal Issues in Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment in

Question: Discuss about theEthical and Legal Issues in Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Treatment in Infants. Answer: Introduction Ethical dilemma is the situation, where the healthcare professionals have two choose between, what has to be done and what is correct to do. The ethical dilemma can be very stress for the healthcare professional providing acute care to the small infants. This paper is based on the case study of the baby Thomas, who was delivered in the 28 weeks gestation. After the birth, the baby was immediately transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), where the baby was administered with many invasive measures for ensuring adequate cardio-respiratory function and cerebral perfusion, as well as preventing hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, malnutrition, thromboses and sepsis. In the condition of the baby, he also suffered from recurrent episodes of apnoea. This is the condition, where the infants born at less than 35 week of gestation stop breathing for 15-20 seconds during sleep. The child had been in the NICU for 52 days, but his condition has not stabilized and he is providing poor respon se towards treatment. Head of the ICU and Anaesthesia Department, found medical futility of continuing the treatment. The people affected by ethical dilemma in this case scenario are the nurses and physiotherapist as well as the medical staff. Ethical Dilemma Ethical issues related to the premature birth of the baby can be very distressing. According to the given case scenario, the stakeholders involved in the ethical dilemma are the nurses, medical staff members and physiotherapists. The condition of the baby Thomas was very severe and according to the Head of the ICU and Anaesthesia Department, the ongoing treatments and invasive measures would be of no use. According to the potentially lengthening the treatment would not increase the length of his life. The chances of survival are very low, and even if the baby survives, he will suffer from severe neurological damage and may have to face serious disabilities. Continuing the treatment on the life support system is not appropriate for the child himself. The primary role of the healthcare professional in this regard is to inform and educate parents about the condition of the child. However, in this case the social worker believes that parents are not informed nor they were prepared for th e high probability that their baby may not survive. There are many ethical dilemma associated with this case scenario. According to the study of Bolton (2013), ethical nursing is the practice that requires analysing any kind of the bioethical issues from the perspectives of the nurses and medical staff members. This kind of ethical dilemma requires the ethical framework, which can assist them in taking the correct decisions. The nursing staff and other stakeholders involved in the case considered that the use of the life support system is useless in the case of baby Thomas and due to many physical problems he will not be able to survive. The child has been in the NICU since 52 days, and since then his condition has not improved. His admission in NICU on the request of his parents has also increased the inadequate financial burden. Parents believe that this is not correct and withdrawal of the life support system and NICU care must be done according to their concern (Larcher et al, 2015). The studies have shown the evidences, where the parents believe that they have and they should have the rights of making the primary decision related to the limitation and withdrawal of the life-sustaining medical treatmentfor their severely ill infants (Willems, Verhagen, van Wijlick, 2014). However the majority of the parent healthcare professionals believe that the primary decision should not solely be given in the hands of parents. The final decisions should be made by the physicians (Chung et al, 2016). Ethical Principles Beauchamp and Childress (2012) have developed the four important ethical principles for delivering the nursing practice through biomedical ethics. These principles can be used as the framework for analyzing the ethical situation. The four principles in Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence and Justice. Principle of Autonomy states that rights and dignity of every individual must be respected, which also includes the decision making capability of the person. Beneficence stands for providing balance benefits to the patient towards risk. Non-maleficence stands for avoiding any kind of harm to the patient and justice is to make a balance between risks and benefits. However, according the study of Tingle and Cribb (2013) this kind of ethical principle is limited and there should be the involvement of the professional decision making and judgment. According to these ethical principles the young infants are not competent to make their decisions, thus parental autonomy is important in the decision making. The ethical dilemma for the nursing professionals and other stakeholders in the given case scenario would be to stop the NICU treatment , as it is in best interest of the child and will also stop the financial burden, because the survival chance of child are very low. According to the case scenario, there has been a lack of nursing virtues that must be practiced by the healthcare professionals. The ethical dilemma arise because healthcare professional, do not informed the parents. The healthcare practice virtues must involve compassion, care, honest, courage and kindness that lack in the healthcare professionals in given case (Meert et al, 2015). Nurses and healthcare professionals working in the environment where highly complex technological care is required for the patients are often exposed to many ethical issues and challenges that question their integrity. Nurses are considered to be at the highest risk of getting affected by moral integrity and ethical dilemmas in the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (Eden, Callister, 2010). The healthcare professionals, in such cases the healthcare professionals are required to be intact with their own ethical obligations and must offer the best possible care and support to the infant and their family. The appropriate guidance to the parents is very important. Family centered care the major principle of the pediatric nursing (Maguire et al, 2012). It values the involvement and attitude of the parents. This kind of approach is meant to provide quality care to children and care should be planned around the complete family. According to the given case scenario of the baby Thomas, the family centered approach and its efficacy is also challenged. Concern Towards Withdrawal of Treatment The parents of baby Thomas wants that their baby must be given the chance and mechanical ventilation should not be removed. According the research study of Cereda and Carey (2012), some of the healthcare professionals and nursing professionals can make the decision about carrying out life-sustaining treatment in NICU, of the parents make request. This is done to respect parental autonomy. But, there are strong doubts about the benefits and efficiency of such treatment. This is because such treatment can also increase the suffering of the infant. The studies also display the evidences that show that parents must be given time to assimilate these recommendations from clinicians, or their distress levels will increase(Cereda and Carey, 2012) This is very distressing and challenge to decode whether child should be kept alive or should die, mainly for the parents this situation could be very distressing also they may experience loss, pain, frustration and anger. During this process, it is important and essential that parents receive continuous support throughout this process (Eden and Callister 2010). Family centered approach is menat to to provide emotional, psychological and compassionate support during the process of NICU treatment. With lack of support, parents may feel vulnerable towards the situation and may believe that treatment will keep their child alive. The palliative care given to infants requires to provide religious, pastoral and spiritual support (Mancini et al 2014). A study of parents views found these interventions, along with memory-making, are invaluable in th The ethical approach towards the treatment of the patients and mainly the infants involves to understand that whether the proposed treatment will improve the patients quality of life (Hagger, Ellis, Strumidlo, 2016). In the case of baby Thomas the healthcare professionals understood that ongoing invasive treatment will not improve the patients condition, as the chances of survival are nearly zero as well as child may also suffer from severe neurological damage. Intensive treatment in the case of baby Thomas is of not benefit, and burden of such treatment also overshadows the benefits. According to the evidence based study of the Baird, (2011), the long term invasive and ventilation treatment can increase the suffering of the child and reduces the quality of life. Baby Thomas suffers from bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which has resulted due to mechanical ventilation. The efforts for the extubation of the baby are also found to be unsuccessful. This condition of the baby cannot be cured. The ethical and legal parameter involved in the case requires the healthcare professionals to find contextual factors that can be responsible for affecting the decision. Thomas has been born in 24 weeks gestation, which reduces the chances of survival. He has also faced the recurrent episodes of apnoea and required resuscitation several times. Without invasive treatments also Thomass condition would have deteriorated and ultimately had resulted in his death. However, the treatment was carried out for 52 days, but no signs of improvement were seen. Legal and Ethical Solution The ethical principle is to respect life of every individual and must take measures to save it. If the ongoing invasive treatment is considered to alleviate the suffering then such process will be considered as prolonging the dying unethical use of the medical resources (Mancini et al, 2014). According to the evidence based study of Hagger, Ellis, Strumidlo (2016), states that In such cases, it is necessary to facilitate a family centred individual approach that considers the unique context and quality of life as assessed in partnership with the family (p. 50). For making and ethical and legal resolution for this problem, it is important that there is unanimity must be achieved in decision making process between healthcare professionals and parents (Janvier, Barrington, Farlow, 2014). Parents should be informed about all the aspects of the treatment and their childs condition (Dupont-Thibodeau et al, 2014). In the case of conflict in decision making, clinical ethics committee must be involved. The role of clinical ethics committee is to help the healthcare organizations in making ethical decisions. If the resolution with the help of this committee could be achieved, legal consideration should be addressed regarding withholding life sustaining treatment in case of infants. The rights of the child are protected under the law and it is considered that healthcare professionals have the moral obligation to provide quality of care. Withholding or withdrawal of the treatment must be balanced with duty of care and benefit of the patient (Willmott, White, Then, 2014). It may be believed the withdrawal of the life sustaining treatment could be the denial of the basic rights of the infants, but it is considered to be within law if it is done in best interest of the child. If the ongoing invasive treatment is increasing the burden of treatment on child, if it is impacting the severity of the childs condition, instead of providing benefits if the treatment is increasing suffering and if the condition of child is that it becomes difficult to or impossible to improve, the treatment can be withdrawn (Larcher et al, 2015). Thus, the decision should be made with mutual agreement of the parents and healthcare professionals. For the legal and ethical decision making the three main aspects should be considered that are quality of life, comparison of burden and benefits of treatment and futility of the ongoing treatment (Willmott et al, 2014). Conclusion The paper is based on the case study of a infant. Baby Thomas was born in the 24 weeks gestation period, which makes him a premature baby. The survival of the premature babies is often difficult. On the request of the parents, baby was transferred to NICU, where he had been getting the treatment for various physical problems. Even after 52 days of admission in NICU, no significant changes in the condition of the child were seen. Due to which Healthcare professionals decided to withdraw the life sustaining treatment, as it was increasing treatment burden on child as well as increasing the burden of financial cost. Paper discussed the ethical and legal parameters of withdrawal of the life sustaining treatment and provided a legal and ethical resolution for the problem. References Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2012).Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press, USA. Baird, H. S. (2011). Paediatric long term ventilation; the right or wrong move? A critical analysis based on case studies in picu, exploring the controversial issues surrounding the initiation of long term ventilation in children with chronic disease.Archives of Disease in Childhood,96(Suppl 1), A80-A81. Bolton, K. (2013). Ethical Aspects of Withdrawing or Withholding Treatment.Modern Medicine. Chung, G. S., Yoon, J. D., Rasinski, K. A., Curlin, F. A. (2016). US Physicians Opinions about Distinctions between Withdrawing and Withholding Life-Sustaining Treatment.Journal of religion and health, 1-11. Dupont-Thibodeau, A., Barrington, K. J., Farlow, B., Janvier, A. (2014, February). End-of-life decisions for extremely low-gestational-age infants: why simple rules for complicated decisions should be avoided. InSeminars in perinatology(Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 31-37). WB Saunders. Eden, L. M., Callister, L. C. (2010). Parent involvement in end-of-life care and decision making in the newborn intensive care unit: an integrative review.The Journal of perinatal education,19(1), 29-39. Hagger, V., Ellis, C., Strumidlo, L. (2016). Legal and ethical issues in neonatal nursing: a casestudy.Nursing Standard,30(44), 48-53. Janvier, A., Barrington, K., Farlow, B. (2014, February). Communication with parents concerning withholding or withdrawing of life-sustaining interventions in neonatology. InSeminars in perinatology(Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 38-46). WB Saunders. Larcher, V., Craig, F., Bhogal, K., Wilkinson, D., Brierley, J. (2015). Making decisions tonlimit treatment in life-limiting and life-threatening conditions in children: a framework for practice.Archives of disease in childhood,100(Suppl 2), s1-s23. Maguire, D., Webb, M., Passmore, D., Cline, G. (2012). NICU nurses' lived experience:caring for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome.Advances in Neonatal Care,12(5), 281-285. Mancini, A., Uthaya, S., Beardsley, C., Wood, D., Modi, N. (2014). Practical guidance for themanagement of palliative care on neonatal units.London: Chelsea Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Meert, K. L., Keele, L., Morrison, W., Berg, R. A., Dalton, H., Newth, C. J., ... Clark, A. (2015). End-of-life practices among tertiary care PICUs in the United States: A multicenter study.Pediatric Critical Care Medicine,16(7), e231-e238. Tingle, J., Cribb, A. (Eds.). (2013).Nursing law and ethics. John Wiley Sons. Willmott, L., White, B., Smith, M. K., Wilkinson, D. J. (2014). Withholding and withdrawinglife-sustaining treatment in a patients best interests: Australian judicial deliberations.Medical Journal of Australia,201(9), 545-547. Willmott, L., White, B. P., Then, S. N. (2014). Withholding and withdrawing life-sustainingmedical treatment.Health Law in Australia [2nd ed.], 543-592. Willems, D. L., Verhagen, A. E., van Wijlick, E. (2014). Infants best interests in end-of-life care for newborns.Pediatrics,134(4), e1163-e1168.